Abstract

With the advancement in science and growing ethical concerns, there has been a paradigm shift toward prioritizing cell culture studies as an alternative to animal models. It offers a controlled and reproducible experimental environment, allows for the screening of a large number of treatment options, and offers the opportunity for personalized medicine and precision drug development. However, the transition from animal model studies to cell culture studies also presents a lacunae. Cell culture models may not fully replace the complexity of whole organisms and interactions between different tissues or organ systems. While animal models will still have their place in certain research areas, cell culture studies offer numerous advantages in terms of experimental control, reproducibility, high-throughput screening, and personalized medicine